ОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ ГЕНОМА, КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ И ФИЛОГЕОГРАФИЯ ВИРУСА ГЕПАТИТА С
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Tóm tắt
TỔ CHỨC HỆ GEN, PHÂN LOẠI VÀ SỰ PHÁT SINH CHỦNG LOÀI THEO VÙNG ĐỊA LÝ CỦA VIRUS VIÊM GAN C
Virus viêm gan C (HCV) là loại virus gây ra bệnh truyền nhiễm ở gan, là bệnh có xu hướng tiềm ẩn và để lại những tác hại lâu dài (phát triển thành bệnh mãn tính, xơ gan và ung thư biểu mô tế bào gan). Theo số liệu của Tổ chức Y tế thế giới, trên thế giới có hơn 150 triệu người nhiễm HCV và mỗi năm có hơn 350 nghìn người chết vì các bệnh về gan có liên quan đến HCV.
HCV được phát hiện vào năm 1989 và thuộc họ Flaviviridae, chi Hepacivirus. Bộ gen virus là một sợi RNA đơn dương chiều dài khoảng 9600 nucleotide, mã hóa cho chuỗi polyprotein gồm 3011-3033 axit amin. Chuỗi này bị cắt bởi protease của virus và protease tế bào thành 10 protein virus, 3 protein đầu tiên là các protein cấu trúc (core, E1, E2), còn lại là protein phi cấu trúc (р7, NS2, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, NS5A, NS5B).
HCV là một trong những loại virus gây bệnh có sự biến đổi cấu trúc di truyền nhiều nhất. Sự biến đổi này được quy định bởi cơ chế đột biến và tái tổ hợp. Theo phân loại hiện nay, HCV gồm 7 kiểu gen, 88 phân nhóm và 9 hình thức tái tổ hợp giữa các kiểu gen, trong đó hình thức tổ hợp RF2i/6p lần đầu tiên xác định được ở Việt Nam. Sự phân bố các kiểu gen / phân nhóm của HCV theo khu vực địa lý trên toàn cầu được mô tả rõ trong các tài liệu. Các kiểu gen phân bố rộng rãi nhất là kiểu 1, 2 và 3. Tuy nhiên, nó chỉ giới hạn một số phân nhóm là 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b và 3a. Các kiểu gen 4, 5, 6 có sự phân bố địa phương và là loài đặc hữu ở Châu Phi và Đông Nam Á, nơi phát hiện được sự đa dạng rất lớn các phân nhóm của HCV, không chỉ kiểu gen 4 và 6 mà còn cả các kiểu gen 1, 2, 3. Tại Việt Nam đã phân loại được các phân nhóm 1a, 1b, 2a, 3a, 6a, 6e, 6h, 6l, 6t, 6r, 6s của HCV. Trên lãnh thổ Việt Nam, kiểu gen 1 chiếm ưu thế ở các đối tượng sử dụng các thuốc hướng tâm thần bằng đường tĩnh mạch và các đối tượng mại dâm. Trong khi đó ở những bệnh nhân chạy thận nhân tạo và truyền máu thì kiểu gen 1 phổ biến ở các tỉnh miền Bắc, kiểu gen 6 phổ biến ở miền Nam.
Trong bài tổng quan này, chúng tôi nói về vai trò chức năng của protein cấu trúc và phi cấu trúc của HCV, các cơ chế biến đổi, đặc điểm phân loại, số liệu về sự phân bố theo vùng địa lý và các biến thể gen của HCV.
Từ khóa
Virus viêm gan C, tổ chức hệ gen, phân loại, kiểu gen, вирус гепатита С, организация генома, классификация, генотипы
Chi tiết bài viết
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5. Kolykhalov A.A., Mihalik K., Feinstone S.M., Rice C.M., Hepatitis C virus- encoded enzymatic activities and conserved RNA elements in the 3’ nontranslated region are essential for virus replication in vivo, J. Virol, 2000, 74(4):2046-51.
6. Santolini E., Migliaccio G., La Monica N., Biosynthesis and biochemical properties of the hepatitis C virus core protein, J. Virol, 1994; 68(6):3631-41.
7. Roingeard P., Hourioux C., Hepatitis C virus core protein, lipid droplets and steatosis J. Viral. Hepat, 2008, 15, p.157-64.
8. Miyoshi H., Fujie H., Shintani Y., Tsutsumi T., Shinzawa S., Makuuchi M. et al., Hepatitis C virus core protein exerts an inhibitory effect on suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1 gene expression, J. Hepatol, 2005, 43(5):757-63.
9. Vassilaki N., Mavromara P., Two alternative translation mechanisms are responsible for the expression of the HCV ARFP/F/core+1 coding open reading frame, J. Biol. Chem., 2003, 278(42):40503-13.
10. Dalagiorgou G., Vassilaki N., Foka P., Boumlic A., Kakkanas A., Kochlios E. et al., High levels of HCV core+1 antibodies in HCV patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, J. Gen. Virol., 2011, 92(6):1343-51.
11. Cormier E., Durso R.J., Tsamis F., Boussemart L., Manix C., Olson W.C. et al., L-SIGN (CD209L) and DC-SIGN (CD209) mediate transinfection of liver cells by hepatitis C virus, Proc. Natl. Acad. Ssi. USA, 2004, 101(39):14067-72.
12. Pileri P., Uematsu Y., Campagnoli S., Galli G., Falugi F., Petracca R. et al.,
Binding of hepatitis C virus to CD81, Science, 1998, 282(5390):938-41.
13. Heo T.H., Lee S.M., Bartosch B., Cosset F.L., Kang C.Y., Hepatitis C virus E2 links soluble human CD81 and SR-B1 protein, Virus Res., 2006, 121(1):58-64.
14. Steinmann E., Pietschmann T., Hepatitis C virus p7-a viroporin crucial for virus assembly and an emerging target for antiviral therapy, Viruses, 2010, 2(9):2078-95.
15. Ma Y., Anantpadma M., Timpe J.M., Shanmugam, Singh S.M., Lemon S.M. et al., Hepatitis C virus NS2 protein serves as a scaffold for virus assembly by interacting with both structural and nonstructural proteins, J. Virol., 2011, 85(1):86-97.
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